英语基础知识点：一般过去时态

一、概念

表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday(前天)，last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago(刚才)，just now(刚才)， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如： I went to bed ateleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。

二、动词过去式的构成规律

(一)规则动词的过去式

1、一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed;如：look→looked play→played;

2、以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d;如：live→lived use→used;

3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed;如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned;

(二)不规则动词的过去式

1、改变动词中的元音;

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

2、变词尾的–d 为–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3、与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5、采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

三、句式变化

(一)一般过去时的一般疑问句

1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was…?引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，… was. 否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were. 否定回答为：No，… weren’t. 如：

(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Wereyou born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

→Were they in Li Yan’s home lastnight?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

2、在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t. 如：

John played computer games lastnight.

→Did John play computer gameslast night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

(二)一般过去时的否定句

1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。

如：(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day beforeyesterday.

(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。如：

(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.

(2) They swam in the lakeyesterday. →They didn’t swim in thelake yesterday.

(三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句

1.What did … ?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)

We ate Chinese food lastnight. →What did we eat last night?

2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the musicroom yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and danceyesterday morning?

3.Who + 动词过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountainslast weekend.

→Who climbed mountains lastweekend?

四、句子结构

1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：

(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。

2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如：

I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。

3、各种句式

(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句：

主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语或表语。

He worked in Shanghai tenyears ago.

(2)一般过去时的否定句：

a.主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 宾语。 (did + not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b.主语 + wasn’t/weren’t +表语。(was + not = wasn't were+ not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher tenyears ago.

(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句：

a.Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语 ?

Did you study English in 1990 ?

b.Was/Were + 主语 + 表语 ?

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句：

a.特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 宾语?

Where did your parents live five years ago?

What did you do last Sunday?

b.特殊疑问词 + were/was + 表语?

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

基础知识也需要我们反复学习，反复记忆。多少人觉得学习基础知识浪费时间，转而谋求更高层次的知识。殊不知基础不好，就像地基不牢固的建筑，怎么可能把楼盖得更高。