初中英语作文常见的五种语法错误

一、主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性
汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数量的影响，但英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致，谓语动词要随着主语变化而变化。而学生受汉语思维的影响，往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称，是单数还是复数。
错误例子：
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
正确例子：
a. A number of students are going to learn a foreign language.
b. He goes to school by bike every day.
分析：
a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数，在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
二、时态
初中学生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多，动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词来表示，对初中生来说，掌握英语的时态不是很容易。
错误例子：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确例子：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析：
a句是一个常识问题，应该用一般现在时态。b句主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时态。
三、语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是，学生由于汉语思维的影响，很少考虑到用被动语态。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义，但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式，其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息，中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语，不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。
错误例子：
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正确例子：
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
分析：
以上句子的问题在于没有正确运用被动语态。
四、固定搭配
错误多出现在介词短语的搭配和固定词组的搭配上，其中，特殊动词的搭配和用法错误最为常见。
错误例子：
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确例子：
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained the text to me very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
分析：
中国学习者的英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响，经常直接翻译，没有牢牢记住动词的特殊用法和固定搭配。比如suggest doing sth.;explain sth. to sb.;make sb do sth.
五、非谓语动词
学生常常对非谓语动词的概念不清楚，对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白，对句子结构分析不正确，常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。
错误例子：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确例子：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析：
a句中已有谓语动词来修饰things，此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语，look forward to doing sth.