2017年托福考试真题汇总

随着经济条件的改善，出国留学对于许多家庭而言变得触手可及。因此，越来越多的人希望踏上留学征程。下面是一份整理好的托福考试真题，供大家参考学习！

科学美国人60秒英文文本
This is Scientific American 60 seconds Tech, I'm Larry Greenemeier, got a minute?
Video game playing can make you angry or aggressive. But it seems that the key factor may not be the violence. It's the player's incompetence at the game that's behind the ramped-up emotions, whether they're upping their kill count in Grand Theft Auto 3 or simply trying to solve a puzzle in Tetris.

That's the take-away from a study in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
Researchers tested violent and nonviolent variations of a custom-designed game on 600 players. They found that poorly designed or overly difficult games left participants as enraged, if not more so, than violent games did.
Violent games have long been blamed for subsequent violent behavior in players. And some research finds that long-term play changes regions in the brain associated with cognitive function and emotional control. Additional studies say such games increase aggression in children. But other investigators say the games actually have a calming effect on players, especially those with a preexisting mental health condition.
All those research efforts may need to be re-examined in light of the new finding. In other words, don't hate the game, hate the player. Or at least his lack of skills.
Thanks for the minute for the Scientific American 60 Seconds Tech, I'm Larry Greenemeier.

科学美国人60秒中文翻译：
这里是科学美国人60秒科技频道，我是拉里·格林梅耶。
视频游戏会导致玩家气愤且具有攻击性。但导致这一事实的似乎不是游戏自身的暴力性。而是玩家在玩游戏的过程中逐渐积累的挫败感。可能是在他们玩侠盗猎车手3时大开杀戮，也可能是在玩俄罗斯方块时试图解决一个谜团。
这就是人格与社会心理学杂志的一项研究结果。
研究人员利用精心定制的暴力和非暴力两种版本的游戏对600名玩家进行了测试。他们发现，即便不是暴力型游戏，游戏过于简单或是太难不好过关，都比暴力游戏更容易激怒玩家。
暴力游戏一直是人们的众矢之的，认为它是引起暴力行为的罪魁祸首。而且有证据表明，长期玩游戏会改变大脑中具有认知功能和情感控制的区域。还有研究发现，游戏增加了儿童的侵略性。但还有另一种声音是：游戏对玩家具有抚平情绪的功能，特别是对那些早就有心理健康问题的人。
目前我们还不能下定结论，要根据新的发现鉴别这些研究结果。换句话说，不要恨游戏，要恨就恨玩家自己吧，谁叫你武力不够高强呢。
感谢收听科学美国人60秒科技频道。

科学美国人60秒中英文翻译：手机做卫星
科学美国人60秒英文文本
This is Scientific American 60 Secomds, Space. I'm Clara Moskowitz, got a minute?
Some of the world's smallest satellites are set to fly into orbit on April 14th, aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. The satellites, called Sprites, are only about the size of saltine crackers. But they can still transmit basic measurements of the space environment back to the surface.
Each one contains a tiny single-chip computer with a magnetometer, a gyroscope, an antenna and a solar panel. They're made from the type of basic consumer electronics inside smart phones.
One-hundred-four Sprites are ready to fly on this demonstration mission. "It has the potential to really open up access to space to an entirely new demographic." That's Zach Manchester, the Cornell University aerospace engineering graduate student who founded the project.
"In a few years it really could be the case that you could buy 'My First Satellite' kit for, like, a thousand bucks online. And put together your own satellite and then send it off and have it launched."
Manchester aimed to raise $30,000 on Kickstarter to build and launch his satellites. He ended up pulling in almost $75,000.
"The idea that just about anybody could be able to launch a satellite and do whatever they want with it. And I think that's supercool."
Thanks for the minute for Scientific American 60 Secomds, Tech. I'm Clara Moskowitz.

科学美国人60秒中文翻译：
这里是科学美国人60秒，太空系列。我是克拉拉·莫斯科维兹。
一批世界上小的卫星即将于4月14日升空入轨，搭乘SpaceX的猎鹰9号火箭。这些卫星称为“精灵”，只有饼干大小。但它们仍然可以向地面发送空间环境的基本测量。
每个包含一个微小的单片计算机，磁力计，陀螺仪，天线和太阳能电池板。它们是由智能手机之类的基本消费电子产品制成。
一百零四只“精灵”卫星已经为这个演示项目做好准备。“它真正向一大新群体打开了太空。”创立此项目的是康奈尔大学航空航天工程研究生扎克·曼彻斯特。
“不出几年，你也可以跟我一样，花千八百块钱网购卫星套件，组建出自己的卫星，发射升空。”
曼彻斯特计划在Kickstarter网站上募集30,000美元制作和发射卫星。他结束时集得近75,000美元。
“这个想法让几乎所有人都可以发射卫星，做任何他么你想做的事情。我认为这超爽!”
感谢收听。