2023托福听力考试关键类的信号词一览

摘要

很多同学都会对听力记笔记这件事情感到头痛。很多考生普遍觉得自己：“记笔记记不到考点上”，“记的都没考，考的都没记”，其实听力的考点都是lecture中的重点，而且它是有规律可循的。我们可以通过lecture中的一些指示词来确定哪些内容是lecture的重点。

强调

音频中若出现这些，一定要集中精神：

1.强调句型：如“please pay attention to this…”(直接强调)，”in particular”（递进式的强调）

2.强调动词：如Youknow （强调后面的内容）、Remember （表示强调）和最高级，比较级，绝对词汇...

如果出现上面这类信号词，你要明白这是在通过强调来吸引听者的注意，否则完全可以平铺直叙不需要强调它。这时我们需要明白其后面要描述的内容点，这部分的笔记非常重要，应当加以记录。

简单信号词
这一类信号词是属于最为简单的信号词，比如“Okay”, “Well”, “Now”, “But”, and “So”这些，具体来说：
1. Okay和Now一般用在不同话题或是关键信息之间的过度，比如：
But all the other elements, like the location or characters, might be modified for each audience. Okay. So what about fairy tales?
Take the Grand Canyon for instance. Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States was formed.
2. Well一般用在回答一个问题之前，所以听到这个词后面往往就是解释，比如：
Um… and it was basically because of Uranium-Lead Dating. Why? Well, as everyone in this class should know, we usually look at the grain type within sandstone, meaning the actual particles in the sandstone, to determine where it came from. “But” and "So" are usually followed by a key point.
3. But和So后面一般会紧跟一个关键信息点。
词组短句
Let’s move on to ...
This brings me to my next point, which is….
So far we have have been looking at…. Now I’d like to….
So now that we've covered…
What … is all about is this…

上面这些词组或是短句句式也是比较常见的关键信息信号词，一般都具有很明显的承上启下过渡作用，同时也会把前后的关键信息key point或者话题topic很明显的提示给大家，也是考生比较容易抓住的一类信号词，下面给大家举几个例子：
All right folks, let’s continue our discussion of alternative energy sources and move on to what’s probably the most well-known alternative energy source--- solar energy.
What Aristotle’s ethical theory is all about is this: he’s trying to show you how to be happy—what true happiness is.
All right, so far we have been looking at some of the core areas of linguistics, like syntax, phonology, semantics. Now I’d like to talk about the branch of historical linguistics, and the comparison of several different languages, or the comparison of different stages of a single language.

定义

下定义也是讲座中常见的内容，被定义的概念是讲座的关键内容，需要做笔记。

关键信号词有：

●what I mean is

●All that means is

●which is / that is

●in other words，...

●... is referred to as...

●... is named/known/called

其它类型信号词
最后还有一些零散的信号词也需要大家记住，这类信号词用来表示对话内容之间逻辑关系的情况比较多，考生在听到后要能够区分出信号词涉及内容的逻辑关系，进行简单记录为之后的解题提供线索和参考，这些词有：
原因类：reasons (because, since)
结果类：results (as a result, so, therefore, thus, consequently)
举例类：examples (for example, such as)
比较类：comparisons (in contrast, than)
对比类：an opposing idea (on the other hand, however)
引申类：another idea (furthermore, moreover, besides)
并列类：a similar idea (similarly, likewise)
解释类：restatements of information (in other words, that is)
结论类：conclusions (in conclusion, in summary)

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